EXPLANATION TEXT
A. PURPOSE
to explain the process involved in the
formation or workings of natural or socio cultural phenomena.
B. TENSE
Mostly present tense
C. GENERIC STRUCTURE
Paragraph 1 : General Statement
Paragraph 2 - Last Paragraph : A Sequenced explanation
QUIZ
Text 1 for questions 1-4
Wood chipping is a process used to obtain
pulp and paper products from the forest. The wood chipping process begins when
the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest called a couple.
Next, the top and branches of the trees
are cut out and the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill, the bark of the
logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper, which cut them into small
pieces called wood chips. The wood chips are then screened to remove dirt and
other impurities. At this stage, they are either exported in this form or made
into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water
content is removed.
Finally, the pulp is rolled out to make
paper.
1. The
text describes the purpose of …
a. cutting
down the forest
b. producing
wood chips
c. paper
making
d. wood
chipping
e. reforestation
2. What
do the mill workers first do with the logs?
a. They
export the wood chips.
b. They
cut them into pieces.
c. They
roll out the paper.
d. They
remove the bark.
e. They
screen the logs.
3. At
this stage, they are either exported in this form or … (Par. 2)
The underlined words refer to …
a. logs
b. pulp
c. processed
pulp
d. raw
wood chips
e. clean
wood chips
4. The
woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. (Par. 2)
In other words they are …
a. repaired
b. cleaned
c. moved
d. removed
e. processed
Text 2 for questions 5-14
It has long been
known that when exposed to light under suitable conditions of temperature and
moisture, the green parts of plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and
release oxygen to it. These exchanges are the opposite of those that occur in
respiration. The process is called photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, carbohydrates
are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water by the chloroplasts of plant
cells in the presence of light. In most plants, the water used in
photosynthesis is absorbed from the soil by the roots and trans-located through
the xylem of the root and stem to the leaves. Except for the usually small
percentage used in respiration, the oxygen released in the process diffuses out
of the leaf into the atmosphere through the stomata. Oxygen is the product of
the reaction. For each molecule of carbon dioxide used, one molecule of oxygen
is released. A summary chemical equation for photosynthesis is:
6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2
As a result of
this process, radiant energy from the sun is stored as chemical energy. In turn
the chemical energy is used to decompose carbon dioxide and water. The products of their decomposition are
recombined into a new compound, which is successively built up into more and
more complex substances. After many intermediate steps, sugar is produced. At
the same time, a balance of gases is preserved in the atmosphere.
5.
Which title best expresses the ideas in this
passage?
A. A
chemical Equation
B. The
exchange of Respiration
C. The
Process of Photosynthesis
D. The
Parts of vascular Plants
E. The
Production of Sugar
6.
In photosynthesis, water …
A. must
be present
B. is
produced in carbohydrates
C. is
stored in chemical energy
D. is
diffused out of the leaf
E. interrupts
the chemical reaction
7.
Which process is the opposite of photosynthesis?
A. Decomposition
B. Synthesization
C. Diffusion
D. Respiration
E. Equation
8.
The combination of carbon dioxide and water to
form sugar results in an excess of …
A. water
B. oxygen
C. chlorophyll
D. carbon
E. stomata
9.
The word “stored” in Par. 2 is closest in
meaning to …
A. retained
B. converted
C. discovered
D. specified
E. attended
10.
In photosynthesis, energy from the sun is…
A. synthesized
B. changed
to chemical energy
C. not
necessary to the process
D. conducted
from the xylem to the leaves of green plants
E. released
one to one for each molecule of carbon dioxide used
11.
The word “their” in Par. 2 refers to …
A. products
B. most
plants
C. complex
substances
D. carbon
dioxide and water
E. radiant
and chemical energy
12.
The word “successively” in Par. 2 is closest in
meaning to …
A. slowly
B. carefully
C. exceptionally
D. with
effort
E. in
a sequence
13.
Besides the manufacture of food for plants, what
is another benefit of photosynthesis?
A. It
produces solar energy.
B. It
absorbs the water.
C. It
diffuses additional carbon dioxide into the air.
D. It
removes harmful gases from the air.
E. It
maintains the balance of gases in the atmosphere.
14.
Which of the following is NOT true of the oxygen
used in photo synthesis?
A. It
is absorbed by the roots
B. It
is the product of photosynthesis
C. It
is used in respiration
D. It
is released into the atmosphere through the leaves
E. one
molecule of oxygen is released for each molecule of carbon dioxide used.
Text 3 for questions 15-17
Gelatin is protein
substance that comes from the skin and bones of animals. Most people know it
from the substance use to make a jelly like salad or desert. Not only it is
useful in making these foods, but it is also beneficial to the consumer because
of its high protein content. Gelatin is also commonly used in the photographic
industry and making medical capsules.
The process for producing gelatin is a long complex one. In processing
of gelatin made from bones (which varies slightly from that made from the
skin), the grease first must be eliminated. Then the bone are soaked in a
solution of hydrochloric acid in order to rid them of minerals and washed
several times in water. Next, the bones are placed and distilled water, heated
to over 90 F for few hours, placed in fresh distilled water, and heated again at a little over 100 F. A fluid
forms this heating, and it is concentrated, chilled, and sliced. Finally, it is
dried and grounded. In its final form, gelatin is white, tasteless, and
odorless.
15. The main idea of the second paragraph is
… .
a. The final form of gelatin is white and odorless
b. Gelatin can only be produced in distilled water
c. Producing gelatin is not simple work
d. Producing gelatin needs a lot of fresh water
e. Gelatin can be produced from two sources
16. From the text we know that ….
a. We can easily produce gelatin at home
b. Gelatin can only be used in photographic industry
c. It is necessary to add mineral to the gelatin
d. Fat aids in the process of making gelatin
e. Gelatin is good food because of its high protein
17. “….but it is also beneficial to
the consumer …” (par.1)
The underlined word means ….
a. dangerous d. useful
b. unfaithful e. various
c. additive
Text 4 for questions 18-22
THE DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
When you're hungry and
smell dinner, your mouth waters. This is the first step in changing the food
you eat into the kind .of food that cells can use. This change is called
digestion, and it begins in the mouth.
Suppose you are eating
sandwich. Your front teeth cut and tear the sandwich. The molars grind it.
Saliva, the juice in the mouth, gets everything moist. Saliva also contains a
type of chemical called an enzyme. It starts breaking down the starch of the
bread into sugar. The moist ball of the food is carried to the back of the
mouth by the tongue. Muscles force the food into the esophagus, a narrow tube
behind the windpipe. Other muscles force the food down the esophagus. They do
their work so well that the food would travel along even if the person were
doing a headstand.
18. Changing the food that we eat into the kind of liquid
that cells can use is called ...
A.
processing B. digestion C.
cutting or tearing D. grinding E. eating
19. When you eat a piece of meat or an apple, the use
of your front teeth is for ... them.
A.
tasting B. tearing C. grinding D. chewing E. breaking
20. What substance makes the food in the mouth moist?
A. the
juice B. the milk C. the starch D. the water E. the saliva
21. The tongue carries the moist food to ...
A. the
stomach B. the back of the
mouth C. the small
intestines
D. the
esophagus E. the windpipe
22. Although a person does a headstand, the food that he
eats ...
A. is
carried back to his mouth from his stomach
B. stays
in his mouth
C. pushes
from his stomach to his mouth
D. still
moves from his mouth to his stomach
E. stays
still in his stomach
Text 5 for questions 22-25
How Planes Fly
A plane needs air
pressure under their wings to stay up in the air. As they move forward, the
higher air pressure underneath their wings pushes them upward and gives them lift.
The smooth,
streamlined shape of the' plane allows air to flow easily over its surface. This
helps to reduce the drag caused by the air pushing against the plane and allows
it to move rapidly through the air.
Planes move forward
using engines. This movement is called thrust. Moving forward keeps a stream of
moving air passing over the wings, which allows the plane to stay up in the air.
If the engines fail, the plane will begin to descend very quickly.
The air above the wing
moves faster so it is at a lower pressure than the air under the wing. The air
under the wing moves more slowly and is slightly squashed so it is at a higher pressure
than the air above the wing.
23. A plane stays up in the air because ....
a. the streamlined shape of
the plane lets the air flow
b. the air under the wing
moves slowly
c. there is a pressure
under its wings
d. it moves forward the sky
e. it has a strong engine
24. The plane will ... the
earth very fast if the engine fails to run.
a. move down
b. fall down
c. jump off
d. decrease
e. drop on
25. "Moving forward keeps a stream of moving air
passing over the wings". This is used to ...
a. avoid the engine to fail
b. keep the engine run well
c. make the wings move
faster
d. make the plane stay up
in the air
e. move the air under the
wing slowly
KEYS :
1. D
2. D
3. E
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. A
10. B
11. D
12. E
13. E
14. A
15. C
16. E
17. D
18. B
19. B
20. E
21. B
22. D
23. C
24. E
25. D
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