Both-and, Not only-but also, Either-or, Neither-nor

A.  Rewrite the sentences using the paired conjunctions given in brackets.

   Make any necessary changes. 
   DO NOT USE ANY PUNCTUATION MARKS!

1.      She never calls or texts me when she is in trouble. (neither … nor)
      Answer :  She neither calls nor texts me when she is in trouble.

2.      They have signed the deal. They have finished the project. (not only … but also)
      Answer :  They have not only signed the deal, but also finished the project.

3.      Linda went to the book fair. Or was it Lina? (either … or)
       Answer : Either Linda or Lina went to the book fair.

4.      John collects comic books. So does Ando. (both … and)
      Answer : Both John and Ando collect comic books.

5.      Nita bought a pair of socks. Nita bought a bar of chocolate. (not only … but also)
      Answer : Nita bought not only a pair of socks, but also a bar of chocolate.

6.      Rugby is popular in France. Football is popular in France. (both … and)
      Answer : Both Rugby and football are popular in France.

7.      Alya isn’t hungry. Neither is Mira. (neither … nor)
      Answer : Neither Alya nor Mira is hungry.

8.      You could not take the train. You could not fly either.  (neither … nor)
      Answer : You could neither take the train nor fly.

9.      They will build an apartment and an amusement park. (not only … but also)
       Answer :  They will build not only an apartment but also an amusement park.

10.  He might be in the classroom or at the canteen. (either … or)
      Answer :  He might be either in the classroom or at the canteen.
 11.  She will have to study hard and concentrate to do well on the exam. (not only ... but also)
       Answer : She will have to not only study hard, but also concentrate to do well on the exam. 

12.  Jenny was sad and angry.    (both ... and)
      Answer : Jenny was both sad and angry. 
13.  We're going to visit our grandma or aunt.    (either ... or)
      Answer : We're going to visit either our grandma or aunt. 
14.  Ronny is a football player. Rafael is a football player too. (both ... and)
      Answer : Both Ronny and Rafael are football players.
15.  English is spoken in Wales. Welsh is spoken in Wales as well. (both ... and)
      Answer : Both English and Welsh are spoken in Wales.
16.  She did not buy either an apple or a mango.  (neither ... nor)
      Answer : She bought neither an apple nor a mango.

B.  Now choose the most meaningful option.
Both/and, not only/but also, either/or, neither/nor

1.        We can go to ______________    Greece ______________     Spain for our holiday. We got only one package for two people. Answer : either - or

2.        Who sent this cake? – I’m not sure. I think it was __________ Jenny _________ Jimmy. 
       Answer : either - or
3.        __________ Vira _________ Dina have amused me. They texted me hilarious stories.
       Answer : Both - and

4.        Mike has been a lazy student. He _________ does his assignment _______ his homework.

       Answer : neither - nor

5.          ________ Jeff __________ Jake came to my birthday party. I’m disappointed.
       Answer : neither - nor

6.        He had sold _________ his car __________ his motorcycle. Now he takes a public transportation to work. Answer : both - and OR not only - but also

7.        _________ Pneumonia _________ Small Pox are dangerous diseases. Answer : Both - and 

8.        You should ___________ lie _________________ betray me. Answer : neither - nor 

9.        He will buy you _________ burger ________ pizza. That’s a treat. You may pick one.
       Answer : either - or

10.    _________ smoking ________ drinking is good for your health.
       Answer : neither - nor

C:   Are these sentences correct or not? Write ( C ) for the correct one or (W) for the wrong one.

1.    Alif is not only a good student but also a good musician. Answer : ( C )

2.    Both Danny but also Mark will spend their holiday in Bali. Answer : ( W )

3.    Justin Bieber is one of the singers you either admire also hate. Answer : ( W )
4.    This project will be led neither by him or her. Answer : ( W )

EXPLANATION TEXT

EXPLANATION TEXT

A. PURPOSE
     to explain the process involved in the formation or workings of natural or socio cultural phenomena.

B. TENSE
     Mostly present tense

C. GENERIC STRUCTURE
     Paragraph 1 : General Statement
     Paragraph 2 - Last Paragraph : A Sequenced explanation


QUIZ

Text 1 for questions 1-4

Wood chipping is a process used to obtain pulp and paper products from the forest. The wood chipping process begins when the trees are cut down in a selected area of the forest called a couple.

Next, the top and branches of the trees are cut out and the logs are taken to the mill. At the mill, the bark of the logs is removed and the logs are taken to a chipper, which cut them into small pieces called wood chips. The wood chips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. At this stage, they are either exported in this form or made into pulp by chemicals and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed.

Finally, the pulp is rolled out to make paper.

1.       The text describes the purpose of …

a.       cutting down the forest

b.      producing wood chips

c.       paper making

d.      wood chipping

e.      reforestation

2.       What do the mill workers first do with the logs?

a.       They export the wood chips.

b.      They cut them into pieces.

c.       They roll out the paper.

d.      They remove the bark.

e.      They screen the logs.

3.       At this stage, they are either exported in this form or … (Par. 2)

The underlined words refer to …

a.       logs

b.      pulp

c.       processed pulp

d.      raw wood chips

e.      clean wood chips

4.       The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other impurities. (Par. 2)

In other words they are …

a.       repaired

b.      cleaned

c.       moved

d.      removed

e.      processed

Text 2 for questions 5-14

It has long been known that when exposed to light under suitable conditions of temperature and moisture, the green parts of plants use carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen to it. These exchanges are the opposite of those that occur in respiration. The process is called photosynthesis. In photosynthesis, carbohydrates are synthesized from carbon dioxide and water by the chloroplasts of plant cells in the presence of light. In most plants, the water used in photosynthesis is absorbed from the soil by the roots and trans-located through the xylem of the root and stem to the leaves. Except for the usually small percentage used in respiration, the oxygen released in the process diffuses out of the leaf into the atmosphere through the stomata. Oxygen is the product of the reaction. For each molecule of carbon dioxide used, one molecule of oxygen is released. A summary chemical equation for photosynthesis is:

6CO2+6H2O→C6H12O6+6O2

As a result of this process, radiant energy from the sun is stored as chemical energy. In turn the chemical energy is used to decompose carbon dioxide and water.  The products of their decomposition are recombined into a new compound, which is successively built up into more and more complex substances. After many intermediate steps, sugar is produced. At the same time, a balance of gases is preserved in the atmosphere.

5.       Which title best expresses the ideas in this passage?

A.      A chemical Equation

B.      The exchange of Respiration

C.      The Process of Photosynthesis

D.      The Parts of vascular Plants

E.       The Production of Sugar

6.       In photosynthesis, water …

A.      must be present

B.      is produced in  carbohydrates

C.      is stored in chemical energy

D.      is diffused out of the leaf

E.       interrupts the chemical reaction

7.       Which process is the opposite of photosynthesis?

A.      Decomposition

B.      Synthesization

C.      Diffusion

D.      Respiration

E.       Equation

8.       The combination of carbon dioxide and water to form sugar results in an excess of …

A.      water

B.      oxygen

C.      chlorophyll

D.      carbon

E.       stomata

9.       The word “stored” in Par. 2 is closest in meaning to …

A.      retained

B.      converted

C.      discovered

D.      specified

E.       attended

10.   In photosynthesis, energy from the sun is…

A.      synthesized

B.      changed to chemical energy

C.      not necessary to the process

D.      conducted from the xylem to the leaves of green plants

E.       released one to one for each molecule of carbon dioxide used

11.   The word “their” in Par. 2 refers to …

A.      products

B.      most plants

C.      complex substances

D.      carbon dioxide and water

E.       radiant and chemical energy

12.   The word “successively” in Par. 2 is closest in meaning to …

A.      slowly

B.      carefully

C.      exceptionally

D.      with effort

E.       in a sequence

13.   Besides the manufacture of food for plants, what is another benefit of photosynthesis?

A.      It produces solar energy.

B.      It absorbs the water.

C.      It diffuses additional carbon dioxide into the air.

D.      It removes harmful gases from the air.

E.       It maintains the balance of gases in the atmosphere.

14.   Which of the following is NOT true of the oxygen used in photo synthesis?

A.      It is absorbed by the roots

B.      It is the product of photosynthesis

C.      It is used in respiration

D.      It is released into the atmosphere through the leaves

E.       one molecule of oxygen is released for each molecule of carbon dioxide used.

Text 3 for questions 15-17

            Gelatin is protein substance that comes from the skin and bones of animals. Most people know it from the substance use to make a jelly like salad or desert. Not only it is useful in making these foods, but it is also beneficial to the consumer because of its high protein content. Gelatin is also commonly used in the photographic industry and making medical capsules.

      The process for producing gelatin is a long complex one. In processing of gelatin made from bones (which varies slightly from that made from the skin), the grease first must be eliminated. Then the bone are soaked in a solution of hydrochloric acid in order to rid them of minerals and washed several times in water. Next, the bones are placed and distilled water, heated to over 90 F for few hours, placed in fresh distilled water, and  heated again at a little over 100 F. A fluid forms this heating, and it is concentrated, chilled, and sliced. Finally, it is dried and grounded. In its final form, gelatin is white, tasteless, and odorless.

15. The main idea of the second paragraph is … .

      a. The final form of gelatin is white and odorless

      b. Gelatin can only be produced in distilled water

      c. Producing gelatin is not simple work

      d. Producing gelatin needs a lot of fresh water

      e. Gelatin can be produced from two sources

      

16. From the text we know that ….

      a. We can easily produce gelatin at home

      b. Gelatin can only be used in photographic industry

      c. It is necessary to add mineral to the gelatin

      d. Fat aids in the process of making gelatin

      e. Gelatin is good food because of its high protein

17. “….but it is also beneficial to the consumer …” (par.1)

       The underlined word means ….

      a. dangerous                                  d. useful

      b. unfaithful                                     e. various

      c. additive

Text 4 for questions 18-22

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

When you're hungry and smell dinner, your mouth waters. This is the first step in changing the food you eat into the kind .of food that cells can use. This change is called digestion, and it begins in the mouth.

Suppose you are eating sandwich. Your front teeth cut and tear the sandwich. The molars grind it. Saliva, the juice in the mouth, gets everything moist. Saliva also contains a type of chemical called an enzyme. It starts breaking down the starch of the bread into sugar. The moist ball of the food is carried to the back of the mouth by the tongue. Muscles force the food into the esophagus, a narrow tube behind the windpipe. Other muscles force the food down the esophagus. They do their work so well that the food would travel along even if the person were doing a headstand.

18. Changing the food that we eat into the kind of liquid that cells can use is called ...

       A. processing          B. digestion    C. cutting or tearing     D. grinding       E. eating

19. When you eat a piece of meat or an apple, the use of your front teeth is for ... them.

       A. tasting       B. tearing        C. grinding         D. chewing        E. breaking

20. What substance makes the food in the mouth moist?

       A. the juice    B. the milk     C. the starch       D. the water       E. the saliva

21. The tongue carries the moist food to ...

       A. the stomach             B. the back of the mouth                C. the small intestines

       D. the esophagus         E. the windpipe

22. Although a person does a headstand, the food that he eats ...

      A. is carried back to his mouth from his stomach

      B. stays in his mouth

      C. pushes from his stomach to his mouth

      D. still moves from his mouth to his stomach

      E. stays still in his stomach

Text 5 for questions 22-25

How Planes Fly

A plane needs air pressure under their wings to stay up in the air. As they move forward, the higher air pressure underneath their wings pushes them upward and gives them lift.

The smooth, streamlined shape of the' plane allows air to flow easily over its surface. This helps to reduce the drag caused by the air pushing against the plane and allows it to move rapidly through the air.

Planes move forward using engines. This movement is called thrust. Moving forward keeps a stream of moving air passing over the wings, which allows the plane to stay up in the air. If the engines fail, the plane will begin to descend very quickly.

The air above the wing moves faster so it is at a lower pressure than the air under the wing. The air under the wing moves more slowly and is slightly squashed so it is at a higher pressure than the air above the wing.

23. A plane stays up in the air because ....

a. the streamlined shape of the plane lets the air flow

b. the air under the wing moves slowly

c. there is a pressure under its wings

d. it moves forward the sky

e. it has a strong engine

24. The plane will ... the earth very fast if the engine fails to run.

a. move down

b. fall down

c. jump off

d. decrease

e. drop on

25. "Moving forward keeps a stream of moving air passing over the wings". This is used to ...

a. avoid the engine to fail

b. keep the engine run well

c. make the wings move faster

d. make the plane stay up in the air

e. move the air under the wing slowly        


KEYS :
1. D
2. D
3. E
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. D
8. B
9. A
10. B
11. D
12. E
13. E
14. A
15. C
16. E
17. D
18. B
19. B
20. E
21. B
22. D
23. C
24. E
25. D

Future Tenses

Study your notes about the usage of :
1. Simple Future Tense
2. Future Progressive / Continuous Tense
3. Future Perfect Tense
4. Future Perfect Progressive / Continuous Tense

Future Tense Quiz

1. Tomorrow I ________ (paint) all day.
  will be painting
  will paint
  will be paint

2. By the time we get there, the store ________ (close).
  will close
  will have closed
  closed

3. I ________ (see) you tomorrow at 3:00 PM.
  will see
  see
  will be seeing

4. After we finish this video, I ________ (see) all of this director's movies.
  will see
  will be seeing
  will have seen

5. P1: Can I come over in an hour? P2: No, I ________ (clean) the house. 
  will clean
  will be cleaning
  clean

6. This time next week I ________ (drink) cola in Argentina.
  will drink
  drink
  will be drinking

7. She doesn't realize what kind of person he is, but she ________ (find out). 
  will find out
  will be finding out
  will have found out

8. She insulted me. I ________ (speak) to her again! 
  will never speak
  will never be speaking
  will have never spoken

9. If he continues drinking so fast, he ________ (drink) the whole bottle by midnight.
  will drink
  will have drunk
  will be drinking

10. She ________ (tell) me when her birthday is.
  will not have told
  will not be telling
  won't tell


Keys
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. B
6. C
7. A
8. A
9. B
10. C

Songs

A quote from "Superman" by Joe Brooks

There are no words, To paint a picture of you, girl
Your eyes, those curves, It's like you're from some other world
You walk my way, Oh God, it's so frustrating

So why do I disappear when you come near, It makes me feel so small
Why do I blow my lines Most every time, like I've got no chance at all

This song is about unspoken love.

*********************************************************************************************************************************

A quote from "These broken hands of mine" by Joe Brooks


Well, God knows you're barely standing
But you've got to carry this heavy load

One way at a time I'll try to lend these broken hands of mine
Give my strength, be my light
One way at a time the peace will grow and fill our empty souls
Give me strength, help me guide these broken hands of mine
Oh, these broken hands of mine

This song is about to keep helping others despite our limitations.

Functional Expression : Intention

Common functional expressions to show intention i.e.
1. I plan on ...
2. I am planning ..
3. I intend to (study in UK next year.)
4. I'm going to continue my (study in UK next year.)
5. I'm visiting my grandma this afternoon.
6. I will go to Bali next week., etc.

Study the following dialogues!

A: "Let's go to Everland next week"
B: "I can’t. I'm way too busy."
A: "What are you doing next week?"
B: "On Monday, I’m going  to meet my professor. Tuesday, I have a job interview.

      Wednesday, I’m going to the dentist. And on Thursday, I have to go visit my

      parents."
A: "Why are you so busy?"
B: "I've been procrastinating for a long time."

**********************************************************************

A: "What are you doing over the weekend?"
B: “ I am going to exercise, meet some friends, and then watch tv."
A: "Who are you going to meet?"
B: "My friend from middle school is visiting, so we are going to have dinner on

     Saturday."
A: "How long is he going to stay?"
B: "He is only here for a day."
A: "Where are you going to eat dinner?"
B: "I plan on taking him to an Italian restaurant."

Functional Expression : Showing Care

Common functional expressions used to show care i.e.

1. What's going on?

2. What's the matter?

3. What's up?

4. Why the long face?

5. Is something wrong?

6. How is he/she doing?, etc.

Study the following dialogues!

A: "Hi Jackie. You don't look too well. What's going on?"
B: "It's nothing. I'm just a little stressed out."
A: "Why? What's stressing you out?"
B: "School. Since I was working part time, I had a difficult time keeping up with class. Now that we have exams coming up, I'm totally freaking out."
A: "The best thing to do is study as much as you can. I'm sure you'll do alright."
B: "I hope so. I guess I won't be sleeping for the next 3 days. That's what it'll take."
A: "I have to study for an exam too. Why don't we study together. We can encourage each other."
B: "That will be great."

______________________________________________________________________

A: "Jared, I just heard about your father. How is he doing?"
B: "He's in the hospital resting. The doctor's didn't give a clear answer yet."
A: "I'm so sorry to hear that. But this is a good hospital. I'm sure they will do whatever they can."
B: "I hope so."
A: "You must feel really worried right now. But you know your dad is a fighter."
B: "Yeah. I think my mom is the most worried. I'm basically worried about how she is doing."
A: "Where is she right now?"
B: "She's in the hospital with my dad. I have to go back tonight."
A: "Hey, I'll go with you."
B: "You don't have to."
A: "It's really no problem."
B: "Ok. Let's go right after dinner."

______________________________________________________________________

A: "You don't look too well. What's going on?"
B: "I just lost my job. I'm just worried about how I'm going to pay the bills."
A: "I'm sorry to hear that. Have you been looking for another job?"
B: "I just started, but the job market is very bad right now. I'm not optimistic about it."
A: "That's tough. What does your wife think about this?"
B: "She's trying to be supportive, but I can tell she is very worried about our financial situation as well."
A: "I have some friends who might be able to help you find a job. I'll see what they can do."
B: "I really appreciate your help."
A: "No problem. In the meantime, don't try to worry so much. You'll get through this."

______________________________________________________________________

A: "Mike, did you win the lottery or something? Why the big smile?"
B: "I'm so relieved. I just passed the bar exam."
A: "You did? That's great! You must be very happy now?"
B: "That's an understatement. I'm on cloud nine. I couldn't be any happier."
A: "Did you tell your parents yet?"
B: "Not yet. I didn't get a hold of them. I'll try to call them again tonight."
A: "They're probably going to be so happy."
B: "I think so. It's turning out to be a great day."

Materi UAS Semester Genap Kelas X

1.Expressing Care

2.Expressing Intention

3.Songs

4.Advertisement

5.Future Tenses

6.Explanation Text

7.Both, Not Only, Either, Neither

8.Proverbs

9. Announcement